the largest of all lepidopteran families. Most adults of this family are nocturnal. The caterpillars mostly pupate in the ground. Another family…
lives at most for a day. The population tends to be mostly female, at a ratio of 2.6:1. Damage symptoms Aonidiella aurantii has been the most…
pests. The leaf miner species that cause damage in horticultural crops are mostly polyphagous; that is, they feed on many crops. However, this is not…
horticulture. The Western flower thrips ( Frankliniella occidentalis ) is the most damaging species. Thrips form the order Thysanoptera, a name that…
scales) or with waxy threads (mealybugs). They suck the sap of plants and are mostly host plant specific. Apart from the damage they cause by sucking…
depending on temperature. It is the second instar larvae that are responsible for most of the feeding damage, this stage can last 4-6 days. The larva…
brown. Full grown larvae are 30 to 40 mm long. The first instars are the most mobile, and move like loopers. The caterpillars are often aggressive and…
extracting nutrients from them, resulting in deformations and puncture holes. The most obvious damage is the deformation of growing points. They also…
control. The cottony cushion scale has subsequently spread widely through most of the tropical and subtropical countries of the world. It is also…
General The western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) is currently the most damaging thrips species in many greenhouse crops. The western…
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